Compare Dominican Republic (2002) - Dominican Republic (2003)

Compare Dominican Republic (2002) z Dominican Republic (2003)

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	Dominican Republic (2002)	Dominican Republic (2003)

Age structure	0-14 years: 33.7% (male 1,503,344; female 1,439,157) 15-64 years: 61.3% (male 2,720,308; female 2,621,539) 65 years and over: 5% (male 206,556; female 230,690) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 33.6% (male 1,497,777; female 1,431,104) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 2,719,505; female 2,614,495) 65 years and over: 5.2% (male 212,045; female 240,676) (2003 est.)
Airports	29 (2001)	30 (2002)
Background	Explored and claimed by Columbus on his first voyage in 1492, the island of Hispaniola became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of its subsequent history was brought to an end in 1966 when Joaquin BALAGUER became president. He maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. The Dominican economy has had one of the fastest growth rates in the hemisphere.	Explored and claimed by Columbus on his first voyage in 1492, the island of Hispaniola became a springboard for Spanish conquest of the Caribbean and the American mainland. In 1697, Spain recognized French dominion over the western third of the island, which in 1804 became Haiti. The remainder of the island, by then known as Santo Domingo, sought to gain its own independence in 1821, but was conquered and ruled by the Haitians for 22 years; it finally attained independence as the Dominican Republic in 1844. A legacy of unsettled, mostly non-representative, rule for much of its subsequent history was brought to an end in 1966 when Joaquin BALAGUER became president. He maintained a tight grip on power for most of the next 30 years when international reaction to flawed elections forced him to curtail his term in 1996. Since then, regular competitive elections have been held in which opposition candidates have won the presidency. The Dominican economy has had one of the fastest growth rates in the hemisphere over the past decade.
Birth rate	24.4 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	23.94 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Death rate	4.68 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	6.88 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$5.4 billion (2001 est.)	$4.8 billion (2002 est.)
Disputes - international	none	despite efforts to control illegal migration, destitute Haitians continue to cross into the Dominican Republic
Economic aid - recipient	$239.6 million (1995) (1995)	$239.6 million (1995)
Economy - overview	The Dominican economy experienced dramatic growth over the last decade, even though the economy was hit hard by Hurricane Georges in 1998. Although the country has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in tourism and free trade zones. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GNP, while the richest 10% enjoy 40% of national income. A US $500 million foreign bond issue in September 2001 will contribute to increased public investment spending.	The Dominican Republic's economy experienced dramatic growth over the last decade, even though the economy was hit hard by Hurricane Georges in 1998. Although the country has long been viewed primarily as an exporter of sugar, coffee, and tobacco, in recent years the service sector has overtaken agriculture as the economy's largest employer, due to growth in tourism and free trade zones. The country suffers from marked income inequality; the poorest half of the population receives less than one-fifth of GNP, while the richest 10% enjoy nearly 40% of national income. Growth probably will slow in 2003 with reduced tourism and expected low growth in the US economy, the source of 87% of export revenues.
Electricity - consumption	8,812.029 million kWh (2000)	8.543 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	9.475 billion kWh (2000)	9.186 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 87% hydro: 13% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 92% hydro: 7.6% nuclear: 0% other: 0.4% (2001)
Exchange rates	Dominican pesos per US dollar - 17.310 (January 2002), 16.952 (2001), 16.415 (2000), 16.033 (1999), 15.267 (1998), 14.265 (1997)	Dominican pesos per US dollar - 18.61 (2002), 16.95 (2001), 16.42 (2000), 16.03 (1999), 15.27 (1998)
Exports	$5.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)	NA (2001)
Exports - partners	US 87.3%, Netherlands 1.1%, Canada 0.7%, France 0.7% (2000 est.)	US 85%, Canada 1.6%, UK 1.6% (2002)
Flag description	a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms is at the center of the cross	a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by an olive branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon
GDP	purchasing power parity - $50 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $53.78 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 11% industry: 34% services: 55% (2000) (2000)	agriculture: 11% industry: 34% services: 55% (2001)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,800 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $6,300 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	1.5% (2001 est.)	4.1% (2002 est.)
Highways	total: 12,600 km paved: 6,224 km unpaved: 6,376 km (1996)	total: 12,600 km paved: 6,224 km unpaved: 6,376 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 40% (1989) (1989)	lowest 10%: 2.1% highest 10%: 37.9% (1998)
Imports	$8.7 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)	NA (2001)
Imports - partners	US 60.5%, Japan 10.4%, Mexico 4.7%, Venezuela 3% (2000 est.)	US 51.5%, Venezuela 9.6%, Mexico 5.1%, Spain 4% (2002)
Infant mortality rate	33.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: 34.19 deaths/1,000 live births male: 36.7 deaths/1,000 live births female: 31.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	5% (2001 est.)	5.3% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, Caricom (observer), ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ACP, Caricom (observer), ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Labor force - by occupation	services and government 59%, industry 24%, agriculture 17% (1998 est.)	services and government 58.7%, industry 24.3%, agriculture 17% (1998 est.)
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 73.68 years male: 71.57 years female: 75.91 years (2002 est.)	total population: 67.96 years male: 66.41 years female: 69.58 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 82.1% male: 82% female: 82.2% (1995 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84.7% male: 84.6% female: 84.8% (2003 est.)
Merchant marine	total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,587 GRT/1,165 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 (2002 est.)	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,587 GRT/1,165 DWT ships by type: cargo 1 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 2,323,088 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 2,319,419 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,455,887 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,453,705 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 87,404 (2002 est.)	males: 89,073 (2003 est.)
Net migration rate	-3.59 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-3.43 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hatuey DE CAMPS]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Joaquin BALAGUER Ricardo]	Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hatuey DE CAMPS]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Eduardo ESTRELLA]
Population	8,721,594 (July 2002 est.)	8,715,602 (July 2003 est.)
Population growth rate	1.61% (2002 est.)	1.36% (2003 est.)
Radios	1.44 million (1997)	-
Railways	total: 757 km standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge (Central Romana Railroad) narrow gauge: 142 km 0.762-m gauge (Dominican Republic Government Railway) miscellaneous gauge: 240 km operated by sugar companies in various gauges (0.558-m, 0.762-m, 1.067-m gauges) (2000 est.)	total: 1,503 km standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 142 km 0.762-m gauge note:: 986 km also operated by sugar companies in 1.076-m, 0.889-m, and 0.762-m gauges (2002)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Total fertility rate	2.94 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.92 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	15% (2001 est.)	14.5% (2002 est.)

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